Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries possess a higher theoretical specific capacity compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries, showing promising application prospects in the field of electrochemical energy storage and are expected to become the next generation of battery energy storage systems. However, during the charging and discharging processes of Li-S batteries, issues such as poor conductivity of the cathode active material, volume expansion upon cycling, and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides significantly reduce the battery"s specific capacity and cycle life, thus constraining its further development. To address the aforementioned problems of Li-S batteries, this paper prepared a single-atom cobalt-doped MOF-derived carbon material with a hierarchical porous nanostructure (Co-NHPC) using a hard template method as a sulfur host material for Li-S batteries. The Co-NHPC prepared under the influence of the templating agent has a higher specific surface area (1856 m₂^?g^_-1) than ordinary MOF-derived carbon materials, with a significant increase in the proportion of macropores and mesopores, resulting in an obvious physical adsorption effect on lithium polysulfides. The combination of Co-NHPC carbon material with elemental sulfur significantly enhances the electron transfer rate at the cathode. Its complex hierarchical porous structure not only restricts the shuttling of lithium polysulfides but also buffers the volume expansion of the cathode active material during charge-discharge cycles. By doping cobalt ions into MOFs in one step, cobalt atom can be in-situ doped within the Co-NHPC carbon material. Benefiting from the hierarchical porous structure of Co-NHPC, cobalt atom have a larger contact area with lithium polysulfides, thereby chemically adsorbing lithium polysulfides and fully participating in electrode reactions, accelerating the conversion of lithium polysulfides. The assembled Li-S battery with this cathode material exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability, achieving an initial discharge specific capacity of 664 mAh?g?1 at a rate of 0.5 C and maintaining an average capacity decay rate of 0.06% per cycle after 500 charge-discharge cycles.