Composite sponges MS@PDA@APTMS were prepared by modifying melamine sponges (MS) with polydopamine (PDA) and introducing hydrophobic 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS), and crosslinked copolymer (GSP) solutions containing epoxy groups at the end and long carbon chain groups were prepared by the sulfhydryl-alkenyl-click reaction, and were used for impregnation curing of composite sponges MS@PDA@APTMS. The superhydrophobic MS@PDA@APTMS@GSP composite sponge (MPAG) was prepared. The chemical structure and morphology of MPAG were characterized by FTIR and SEM, and its mechanical durability, oil-water separation ability and photothermal deicing performance were investigated. The results showed that the deposition of PDA endowed the MPAG with photothermal properties and provided active sites for subsequent reactions; the introduction of epoxy groups and GSPs with long carbon chain groups formed a rough surface and significantly enhanced the mechanical durability and hydrophobicity of the sponge.The water contact angle of the MPAG was 156°, which remained above 150° after 20 tape stripping or sandpaper abrasion experiments, and it still showed superhydrophobicity; MPAG has good separation effect on the mixture of different organic solvents (carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate) and water, and the separation efficiency is 90.7%~99.5%. The separation was repeated for 20 times, and its separation efficiency for carbon tetrachloride/water mixtures remained above 98%; the maximum surface temperature of MPAG under infrared lamp irradiation was 68.5 ℃, which was 2.5 times higher than that of MS (27.7 ℃) under the same conditions.