Using NaZSM-5 zeolite with a low silica-to-alumina ratio 〔n(Si)/n(Al)＝10〕 as the support, a Ga and Co bimetallic-modified catalyst, denoted as GaxCoZ5, was prepared via the ion-exchange method and applied to the CO2-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (CO2-ODH). The structural composition, microscopic morphology, textural parameters, acidity, and CO2 adsorption properties of GaxCoZ5 were characterized and tested using techniques such as XRD, BET, TEM, XPS, NH3-TPD, and CO2-TPD. Based on the results of ethane conversion, ethylene yield, and selectivity in the CO2-ODH reaction, the influence of the Ga mass fraction on the catalytic performance of GaxCoZ5 was investigated. The reaction network for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over GaxCoZ5 was analyzed, and its catalytic reaction mechanism was proposed. The results indicate that in the CO2-ODH reaction, Co2+ serves as the primary active component, and the introduction of Co enhances the catalytic performance. Compared with the ZSM-5 support, the ethane conversion rate of CoZ5 increases from 20% to 36%, and the ethylene yield rises from 11% to 26%. The incorporation of Ga facilitates the utilization of CO2 to eliminate coke deposition, thereby enhancing the catalyst"s stability. In comparison with CoZ5 without Ga, the overall acidity of Ga-introduced GaxCoZ5 increases, leading to a decrease in ethane conversion and ethylene yield under the same reaction conditions; however, the catalyst"s stability is improved. Ga0.26CoZ5, with a Ga mass fraction of 0.26% and a Co mass fraction of 1.03%, exhibits the best catalytic performance, maintaining an ethylene yield of 20% and a selectivity close to 100% after 340 minutes of reaction. When the Ga mass fraction ranges from 0% to 1.35%, the reaction primarily proceeds via indirect oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. However, when the Ga mass fraction increases to 2.65%, the main reaction shifts to ethane dry reforming. The coke deposition on Ga0.26CoZ5 after the reaction is only about 1%. Ga can activate CO2, enabling its utilization in the Reverse Boudouard reaction to eliminate coke during the reaction.