Thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAEs) have emerged as important elastomer materials, because of their outstanding mechanical properties, entropy elasticity and processability. However, the traditional raw precursors of TPAEs are mainly from fossil materials, which causes high energy consumption and environmental pollution. Therefore, bio-based TPAEs are aligned with the development demands of modern green environmental protection and the "double carbon" goal. The utilization of bio-based platform chemicals for the production of elastomers holds practical value and significance. This study provides a comprehensive summary of biomass platform chemical raw materials used in the preparation of TPAEs, including bio-based diamines, bio-based dicarboxylic acids, bio-based amino acids, and bio-based lactams. Detailed information on the sources, preparation methods, and properties of various bio-based chemicals and their corresponding TPAEs is presented, and the domestic development status and future direction of bio-based chemicals are prospected. The types, preparation mechanisms and performance differences of soft segment compounds for synthetic bio-based TPAEs are summarized, along with a brief outlook on the functional properties and potential applications of bio-based TPAEs. Moreover, the paper discusses the opportunities and challenges associated with bio-based platform chemicals and TPAEs, aiming to drive the further advancement of bio-based elastomer materials in practical applications.