Abstract:Photocatalytic isomerization reactions represent an effective method for synthesizing Z-configuration olefins, overcoming the technical limitations of traditional thermodynamic processes that struggle to achieve effective synthesis of Z-configuration olefins under mild conditions. This strategy demonstrates significant potential for the synthesis of high-value chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and key intermediates. The success of this reaction hinges on the design and preparation of suitable photocatalysts, as well as the establishment of appropriate reaction systems, including light sources, solvents, and photoreactors, to achieve highly efficient conversion. In light of these considerations, this review first introduces the catalytic mechanism of photocatalytic isomerization for the synthesis of Z-configuration olefins, followed by a systematic review of various photosensitizers employed in the photocatalytic cis：trans isomerization. Additionally, the trends in photocatalytic reactor development are discussed. Based on the different structures and sources of photosensitizers, they are categorized into four groups: natural pigments, fused-ring compounds, carbonyl compounds, and metal complexes, each of which is systematically examined. Finally, it is noted that photocatalytic isomerization for the synthesis of Z-configuration olefins has made significant strides in producing alcohols, ketones, ethers, and azide compounds. However, challenges remain, including high costs, difficulties in catalyst recovery, and a narrow substrate scope. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient, low-cost photosensitizers that can be immobilized and activated for various olefin substrates, alongside the creation of high-efficiency photocatalytic reactors in the future.

Abstract:The light fastness of dyes largely determines the lifespan of dyed fabrics, as color is a fundamental attribute in the textile industry. However, the chromophores in the dye molecules tend to be photodegradated under light irradiation, causing the fabric to undergo photobleaching. Fabrics with low lightfastness fail to meet the long-term usage requirements. Enhancing the light stability of dyes through additive treatment has become an effective method due to its simplicity, low cost, and flexible controllability. The mechanisms, kinetic characteristics and main affect factors of the dyes’ light stability are briefly discussed. The mechanisms, recent advancements, advantages and limitations in practical applications of several additives, including UV absorbers, antioxidants, mordants, and wide-bandgap semiconductor oxides, are systematically examined. The limitations and corresponding solutions of wide-bandgap semiconductor oxides in applications are focused on, which have garnered widespread attention in recent years. Finally, further research directions for enhancing the light stability of dyes on fabrics through additives are explored, focusing on fabric structure and the synergistic effects of additives.

Abstract:Photocatalytic technology has shown great potential in many applications due to its high efficiency, environmental friendliness and low cost. Conventional TiO2 a widely used photocatalytic material, has a large forbidden bandwidth that allows it to absorb only ultraviolet (UV) light, while the rapid complexation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs limits its catalytic efficiency. The black titanium dioxide (TiO2-x) obtained by introducing oxygen vacancies and other defects on the surface of TiO2 enhances its response performance and quantum efficiency in the visible and near-infrared regions by reducing the band gap and increasing the active sites, which improves the photocatalytic activity. Therefore, the synthesis and modification of black titanium dioxide has become a research hotspot. In this paper, the important defect structures of TiO2-x and its characterization methods are sorted out, and the synthesis methods are summarized and summarized, and the modification strategies of TiO2-x are discussed. In addition, the applications of TiO2-x and its modified materials in photocatalytic degradation of aquatic pollutants are focused on and the degradation mechanisms are analyzed and summarized in depth. summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of TiO2-x and its modified materials in the future environmental water pollution treatment are pointed out.

Abstract:Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key strategy for reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and stabilising global temperatures. Based on the low atmospheric CO2 concentration (about 0.415 ‰), the high energy (21 kJ/mol) required for the adsorption process, and the huge economic investment (at least 10 Gt of CO2 will need to be captured annually by 2050), the development of adsorbents with high selectivity for CO2 adsorption, structural stability, and low cost is of great significance. Small molecule adsorbents show good application prospects in CO2 capture due to their excellent CO2 uptake rate, low desorption temperature (below 120°C) and low cost. In this paper, we review the research progress of small molecule adsorbents for direct CO2 uptake from air in recent years, focusing on the design and application of some typical supramolecular-body adsorbents, such as the molecular structures of adsorbents with different shapes, such as linear, dobby, ring, and cage shapes. These small molecule adsorbents usually include hydrogen bond donor units such as ureido, thiourea, and guanidino groups, which enable carbon dioxide fixation through their hydrogen bonding interactions with HCO3/CO3 ions.

Abstract:Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the foremost global public health threats. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and demonstrate a low tendency for resistance, making them a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, the practical applications of Ag NPs are hindered by challenges such as agglomeration, uncontrolled ion release, and potential biotoxicity. The integration of Ag NPs with mesoporous materials presents a viable solution to these issues. Various mesoporous materials, including mesoporous silica, mesoporous bioactive glass, mesoporous carbon, and metal-organic frameworks, have been developed as innovative antimicrobial agents in conjunction with Ag NPs. This paper initially outlines the synthesis strategies for silver-loaded mesoporous materials. Subsequently, it briefly discusses two recognized antimicrobial mechanisms associated with Ag NPs. The focus is placed on the advancements in antimicrobial research concerning various silver-loaded mesoporous materials and their practical applications in the field of antimicrobials. Furthermore, the paper highlights the innovative opportunities and significant medical implications of combining mesoporous materials with Ag NPs.

Abstract:With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the increasing severity of environmental issues, research on new energy materials has gradually become a hot topic in the scientific community. The phosphorus chemical industry, as the cornerstone of the new energy industry, plays a crucial role in promoting the growth of the green energy industry. This article comprehensively reviews the application of phosphorus-containing materials in the field of new energy batteries, covering cathode materials such as lithium iron phosphate and lithium manganese iron phosphate for lithium-ion batteries, as well as the NASICON-structured Na3V2(PO4)3 for sodium-ion batteries. Additionally, the article discusses the research progress of liquid lithium salt electrolyte LiPF6, NASICON-type lithium titanium aluminum phosphate (LATP) solid-state electrolyte, and anode materials such as elemental phosphorus and phosphorus compounds. The article provides an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of these materials, the challenges they face, and discusses their potential development directions.

Abstract:The coumarin scaffold possesses a dual-ring structure, which gives it strong absorption capacity in the visible light region and significant fluorescence properties. Coumarins, with their structural diversity, have shown great potential for applications in areas such as fluorescent dyes, solar cells, and laser fuels. By modifying or extending the core structure of coumarin, such as adding substituents at the edges or extending the conjugated system, it is possible not only to adjust its absorption and emission wavelengths and fluorescence intensity but also to significantly enhance its self-assembly ability and interlayer electron transfer efficiency, thereby expanding the application potential of coumarin-based dyes. This paper reviews the research progress on coumarin dyes in sensitized solar cells over the past decade and provides an in-depth discussion of the impact of structural modifications on their performance, revealing the intrinsic relationship between structure and performance. In addition, the ch

Abstract:Coal gasification slag (CGS) is an important by-product of the coal chemical industry. CGS is rich in elements such as silicon, carbon, and calcium, and has a unique mineral composition, making it a crucial raw material for CO2 capture and mineralization. Using CGS as a precursor for preparing CO2 capture materials and the mineralization of CO2 could significantly reduce the costs of traditional technologies and realize the high-value utilization of CGS, promoting the synergistic reduction of pollution and CO2 emissions in the coal chemical industry. Herein, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the research progress regarding CO2 capture and mineralization using CGS. The synthetic strategies and mechanisms of silicon-based, carbon-based, and carbon-ash composite adsorbents derived from CGS for CO2 capture are presented in detailed, and the effects of different treatments on the texture properties and CO2 capture capacity of adsorbents are summarized and compared. In addition, the mechanisms and the research progress of different technologies using CGS for CO2 mineral carbonation are summarized. Finally, the challenges in the research of applying CGS in CO2 capture and mineralization were discussed. It is recommended that more in-depth studies should be conducted focusing on enhancing performance, optimizing the preparation process, developing a coupling technology for the preparation of CO2 capture materials and mineralization from CGS, as well as conducting economic feasibility evaluations.

Abstract:Hypoxia is one of the key characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and is closely related to tumor aggressiveness, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis. The benzopyrromethene boron complex (BOBPY)-type photosensitizing substance is highly concerned for its unique photophysical properties and bio-compatibility. A novel hypoxia-targeted photosensitizer based on BOBPY was designed and synthesized, then its light absorption, fluorescence emission, together with reactive oxygen species generation capabilities were systematically investigated. The incorporation of specific hypoxia-responsive groups into the photosensitizer structure enables it to respond to hypoxia in hypoxic tumor tissues, allowing real-time monitoring of intratumoral hypoxia. The results revealed that this photosensitizer exhibits excellent singlet oxygen generation capability, with a quantum yield as high as 0.38. Moreover, its fluorescence intensity is significantly increased by 5.5-fold following hypoxic response. Notably, the photosensitizer displays prominent absorption and emission characteristics in the near-infrared region, which are essential for deep tissue imaging and therapeutic applications. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated its good hypoxia responsiveness and photodynamic effects, enabling effective cell imaging and induction of tumor cell apoptosis, with an apoptosis rate of 35.7%.

Abstract:Using waste straw as raw material, superhydrophilic cellulose fibers were extracted through the chlor-alkali process, and then hydrophobic cellulose fibers were prepared by steam modification with octadecyltrimethoxysilane; the two were mixed and vacuum filtered to form a cellulose dual-channel composite membrane. The dual-channel composite membrane was characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and XPS. The effects of the mass fraction of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, and the blending ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic cellulose on the membrane"s wetting characteristics and emulsion separation performance were investigated. The regeneration and cyclic stability of the optimal membrane were evaluated. Results indicated that hydrophobic cellulose, prepared with a 1.0% mass fraction of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane which condensed with hydroxyl groups on hydrophilic cellulose, exhibited an air-water contact angle of 137°. The resulting dual-channel composite membrane showed typical hydrophilic-in-air and oleophilic-underwater properties. The membrane prepared with a 1:1 mass ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic cellulose performed best, showing an air-water contact angle of 62° and an underwater oil contact angle of 0°. For four oil-in-water emulsions (n-octane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, dichloromethane), the separation flux exceeded 58820 L/(m2·h·kPa), and the separation efficiency surpassed 98.4%. A single separation cycle could last up to 3 hours. Furthermore, after 10 separation cycles, the membrane maintained 90.4% of its initial flux and 99.1% of its initial separation efficiency.

Abstract:In order to investigate the effects of different contents of modified silica on the comprehensive properties of polylactic acid (PLA) based composite films, dodecyl triethoxysilane (DTES) was used to modify nano-silicon dioxide and prepared modified silicon dioxide (DTES-SiO2). Then, PLA/DTES-SiO2 composite films were prepared by the casting method by blending PLA matrix with DTES-SiO2. The composite films were characterized by FTIR, TG-DSC, UV-Vis, contact angle measuring instrument and peel force testing machine. The effects of the addition amount of DTES-SiO2 (as a percentage of the mass of PLA, the same below) on the thermal stability, light transmittance, hydrophilicity and tensile properties of the composite films were investigated. Based on soil thermal insulation and moisture retention test, the effect of the addition amount of DTES-SiO2 on the thermal insulation and moisture retention performance of the composite films were evaluated. The results showed that with the increase of the addition amount of DTES-SiO2 (0%~25%), the light transmittance of the composite films gradually decreased (84%~20%), the surface hydrophobic property gradually increased, and the tensile strength and elongation at break increased first and then decreased. The water contact angle of the composite films prepared by adding 25% DTES-SiO2 was up to 104.5°. The initial thermal decomposition temperature of the composite films was 347-354 ℃, and the thermal decomposition was completed at 379.1~384.2 ℃. The decomposition residue was silica, the melting crystallization peak was 146~157.2 ℃, and the enthalpy change value was 6~9 J/g. The tensile strength of the composite films was the highest (78.4Pa), which prepared with 10% DTES-SiO2, and the maximum elongation at break was 5%. The relative humidity of the soil covered by PLA/DTES-SiO2 composite films was about 80%, and the temperature was 1 ℃ higher than that of the soil without the composite film.

Abstract:The toughening and strengthening of epoxy resin with low viscosity tougheners continues to be a significant area of research. A hydrolysis condensation reaction was employed to synthesize dodecyl-containing hyperbranched epoxy-functionalized polysiloxanes (HPGD), and its structural, branching characteristics and viscosity were characterized thoroughly. HPGD with various composition were served as a toughening agent for the modification of epoxy resin and the optimal toughener with low viscosity was identified as HPGD-2 through comparative testing of impact strength and transmittance. To investigate the impact of varying amounts of toughener on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin, both static and dynamic mechanical analyses were performed. The study on the mechanical properties of epoxy resin with the addition of HPGD-2 shows that when the mass fraction of HPGD-2 is 15 %, the maximum impact strength, tensile strength and elongation at break are 29.86 kJ /m₂^{, 48.72} MPa and 18.95 %, respectively, which are 63 %, 90 % and 180 % higher than that of pure E51. The effect of toughening and strengthening is remarkable. The introduction of HPGD also significantly improved the hydrophobicity and thermal stability of epoxy thermosets.

Abstract:In order to improve the specific surface area of triazinyl organic porous adsorbent materials and the adsorption performance of azo dyes in water, a series of nitrogen-rich fluorene porous polymers (NRFPPs) were designed and prepared by Schiff alkali reaction using melamine, 4,4"-(9-cocoinyl) diphenylamine (FDA) and terephthalendehyde as raw materials. Effect of n(FDA)/n(melamine) on the structural composition, micromorphology, surface properties and adsorption properties of NRFPPs. The results show that the free volume size and the specific surface area of NRFPPs can be controlled by adjusting n(FDA)/n(melamine). The larger the n(FDA)/n(melamine), the higher the specific surface area of NRFPPs, and the better the adsorption and removal of acid orange 7 in aqueous solution. The specific surface area of NRFPP-5 prepared by n(FDA)/n(melamine)=25% was 418.82 m2/g, and the optimal conditions for the adsorption of Acid Orange 7 in the aqueous solution were as follows: the initial mass concentration of Acid Orange 7 solution was 200 mg/L, the dosage of NRFPP-5 was 0.005 g, the solution pH=7, the adsorption time was 120 min, and the adsorption temperature was 303 K. g, the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 180.23 mg/g in the fourth cycle, which was 4.9% lower than that in the first use. The adsorption isotherm model of NRFPP-5 adsorption of acid orange 7 in aqueous solution conforms to the Freundlich model, which is an adsorption mechanism of multilayer heterogeneous surface dominated by physical adsorption, and the adsorption depends on the unsaturated site on NRFPP-5 and the mass concentration of acid orange 7, which is affected by many factors.

Abstract:In order to promote the reuse of waste cut tobacco and develop nanocellulose-based antibacterial materials, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were prepared from waste cut tobacco by ionic liquid-assisted ball milling, then the CNFs were compounded with nanocarbon (CNPs) through ultrasonic compounding to obtain CNFs/CNPs composite materials. And then, the CNFs/CNPs were mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to obtain CNFs/CNPs/PVA composite films. The samples were characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA, DSC, XRD, rheological behavior analysis and particle size distribution. Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the CNFs/CNPs/PVA films were compared and investigated. The results showed that the surface of CNFs/CNPs was flatter than that of CNFs, with a reduction in filamentous structures and an increase in granular substances. The particle size of the CNFs was mainly distributed between 340 and 540 nm. When the shear rate was greater than 0.2 s-1, the CNFs/CNPs suspension exhibited shear thinning behavior. Both CNFs and CNFs/CNPs retained the cellulose type I structure, and through the combination with CNPs, the crystallinity of CNFs and CNFs/CNPs increased from 35.40% of CNFs to 45.99%. The maximum thermal degradation rate temperature of CNFs/CNPs changed from 361.33 ℃ (that of CNFs) to 376.40 ℃. The CNFs/CNPs/PVA films had antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella, but had no obvious antibacterial effect on Bacillus subtilis, and the bacteriostatic rate of CNFs/CNPs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 95.04% and 93.92%. CNFs/CNPs mainly exhibited antibacterial effects through CNPs. The antibacterial mechanism mainly stemmed from the negative potential carried on the surface of CNPs, which caused bacterial death by generating an adsorption effect with bacteria.

Abstract:Quercetin is a flavonoid polyphenolic compound widely distributed in the plant kingdom, with strong biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. However, its poor solubility in aqueous environments, due to the large π-bond characteristics of flavonoids, limits its extensive application in the biopharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. This study, based on the crystallization theory of flavonoid compounds, uses supramolecular interactions like salt formation, cation-π interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding to mediate the self-aggregation and crystallization behavior of flavonoid compounds. The results show that in an aqueous solution of 1,3-butanediol, with sodium surfactin as a hydrophobic pocket, the use of cation-π and hydrogen bonding interactions between arginine and quercetin effectively inhibits the aggregation and crystallization behavior of quercetin flavonoid molecules, increasing the solubility of quercetin in aqueous solution at room temperature from 0.09 μg/mL to 1480.00 μg/mL. Furthermore, molecular theoretical simulations, UV, and XRD techniques were employed to clarify the molecular interactions between various molecules and quercetin, revealing the mechanisms of crystallization inhibition and solubility enhancement. This research develops a technical method and research strategy to improve the solubility of flavonoid compounds in aqueous environments, enhancing their bioavailability and greatly expanding their applications in the biopharmaceutical field.

Abstract:To investigate the biological activity of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide fragments, single factor experiments and response surface experiments were used to optimize the Angelica sinensis polysaccharide shearing process. Angelica sinensis polysaccharide fragments obtained by optimal process were separated and purified using column chromatography. UV-Vis, FT-IR, HPGPC, HPLC, SEM, and TGA were used to characterize and test the structure of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide fragments. Antioxidant properties of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide fragments were investigated based on the scavenging experiments of 2,2-biphenyl-1- picrylhydrazone (DPPH) free radical, 2,2 "- hydrazine bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diamine cation (ABTS+) free radical, superoxide free radical ( O2-?) and hydroxyl free radical (?OH). The whitening activity of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide fragments was investigated based on the tyrosinase scavenging experiment. The moisturizing absorption and moisturizing activities of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide fragments were investigated based on the determination of moisture absorption and moisturizing rates under different relative humidity conditions. The experimental results showed that the optimal process for shearing Angelica sinensis polysaccharides was as follows: shearing time of 1.5 h, shearing temperature of 80 ℃, hydrochloric acid concentration of 0.15 mol/L. Under these conditions, the total antioxidant activity of shearing Angelica sinensis polysaccharide fragments was 29.87% ± 0.30%. After purification, four different relative molecular weights (ASP-1a~ASP-4a) of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide acid-shearing fragments were obtained, all of which have certain antioxidant, whitening, hygroscopic, and moisturizing activities.. Among them, ASP-1a is composed of glucose (Glc), mannose (Man), and rhamnose (Rha) in a molar ratio of 550:3.49:3.18. It is the only unique polysaccharide among the four polysaccharide fragments that contains Rha, with a weight average molecular weight of 19014 Da , and a mass loss rate of 7.87% at 30-200 ℃. The half maximal clearance concentrations (IC50) for DPPH?, ABTS+?, ?OH, and O2-? were 679.86, 381.18, 644.87, and 906.55 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for tyrosinase monophenolase and diphenolase were 6.78 and 10.97 μg/mL, respectively. In an environment with a relative humidity of 43% at 20 ℃, the moisture absorption rate and moisturizing rate are greater than 107.00%, 99.40%, respectively. In an environment with a relative humidity of 83% at 20 ℃, the moisture absorption rate and moisturizing rate are greater than 143.00%, 99.80%, respectively. ASP-1a has the best comprehensive antioxidant, whitening, moisture absorbing, and moisturizing effects.

Abstract:In order to explore the foam separation conditions of Cladophora in Qinghai Lake, based on the single factor experiment, the recovery rate and enrichment ratio were used as indicators, and the four factors of pH value, solid-liquid ratio, temperature and liquid loading were optimized by response surface method. The optimum conditions were as follows : pH 5.0, temperature 30.0 °C, liquid volume 225 mL, solid-liquid ratio 7.5 g / L, protein recovery rate 96.98 %, and enrichment ratio 2.26. The maximum water holding capacity and oil holding capacity of protein were 5.32 g / g and 10.26 g / g at 20 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The emulsifying property and emulsion stability, foaming property and foam stability of the protein increased first and then decreased, and the best mass fraction was 1.0 %. Fourier transform infrared and ultraviolet spectra showed that the protein had characteristic absorption peaks at 230 nm and 280 nm, and the secondary structure β-turn accounted for the largest proportion of 33.48 %. The

Abstract:A strategy combining transition metal doping with the incorporation of acidic anions was employed to synthesize a copper-based catalyst, Cu15Zn/Al2O3-CA, modified with zinc and citric acid (CA) were prepared by the sol-gel method. The catalyst was characterized using various techniques, including XRD, TEM, XPS, H2-TPR, and NH3-TPD. The catalytic performance for the continuous synthesis of 2,2"-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether (DMDEE) via the amination of diethylene glycol (DEG) and morpholine (MOR) in a fixed bed reactor was evaluated. We investigated the effects of different organic acids (such as malic acid, tartaric acid, and glutaric acid), zinc mass fraction, the molar ratio of n(CA)/n(Cu), and reaction temperature on the catalytic performance of Cu15Zn/Al2O3-CA. The results indicated that using CA as the organic acid modifier, with an n(CA)/n(Cu) ratio of 1 and a zinc mass fraction of 20%, led to the fabrication of Cu15Zn20/Al2O3-CA1, which exhibited the best catalytic performance. Under the conditions of 240 °C and a liquid hourly space velocity of 0.7 h-1, the DEG conversion reached 99.9%, with a DMDEE selectivity of 85.1%. Moreover, after 30 hours of continuous reaction, the conversion of DEG remained above 99.9%. The superior catalytic performance of Cu15Zn20/Al2O3-CA1 can be attributed to the synergistic effect between CA and Zn. The addition of CA promotes the dispersion of the active component Cu and controls its particle size (3.8 nm), resulting in a lower reduction temperature (153 °C) and enhanced thermal stability of the catalyst. The presence of Zn adjusts the surface acidity sites and the electronic state of Cu, demonstrating a strong electron interaction between Zn and Cu.

Abstract:The mechanism of stabilizing oleogel and the technological conditions of preparing oil gel were studied by using the extract of Vaccariae Semen as the gelling agent. The effect of extract particle size on the stabilized oleogel system was investigated in order to determine the preparation mechanism and method. On this basis, the effects of oil loading, stirring speed and time, and heating temperature on the preparation process of oil gel were investigated, and the rheological property, peroxide value and oil holding capacity were charaterized. The results showed that the Vaccariae Semen extract with a particle size of 1-3 μ m had a good effect on stabilizing the oleogel system. The technological conditions for preparing oleogel are as follows: leaching solution of Vaccaria Semen as the aqueous phase, liquid vegetable oil as the oil-based, the oil load is 45%, the stirring speed is 1000 rpm, the stirring time is 15 min, and the heating temperature is 70 ℃. Rheological test showed that the oleogel prepared with the extract of Vaccaria Semen was a linear viscoelastic solid, with viscosity of 210.54 Pa ? s, peroxide value of 0.056 g/100 g, and oil holding capacity of 97.00%; The oil gel loaded with curcumin can significantly improve the permeation of curcumin in vitro.

Abstract:In order to improve the bioavailability of madecassoside derivatives (MA2G), the authors selected propylene glycol (PG), glycerol (GL), and ceramide (Cer) to modify conventional liposomes and constructed MA2G cerethosomes. Based on the particle size analyser and HPLC characterization, we investigated the mass fractions of the formulation components on the average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation rate of the MCs. The stabilisation mechanism of MCs was explored by fluorescent probe test, and the transdermal properties of MCs were evaluated by combining HPLC and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that PG, GL and Cer were used to improve the stability by increasing the microviscosity of the liposome membrane. The results showed that PG, GL and Cer could improve the stability of liposomal MCs by increasing the microviscosity of liposomal membranes. When w(lecithin (PC60)) = 8%, w(PG) = 20%, w(GL) = 15%, w(Cer) = 0.4%, w(cholesterol) = 0.2%, w(stearic acid) = 0.2% and w(MA2G) = 2%, the MCs were prepared as a yellow transparent liquid with an average particle size of 53.24±1.2 nm, PDI of 0.195±0.012, encapsulation rate of 72.17%±1.25%, high microviscosity. STEM also showed regular and homogeneous spherical vesicles with particle sizes ranging from 40 to 70 nm. Compared with the MA2G dispersions, the MCs had a better skin permeability, and the total skin permeability of MA2G increased from 6.25%±0.18% to 14.47%±0.12%. The Cer in MCs has a good fusion ability with the skin, which can bring more active substances to the deeper layers of the skin and promote penetration.

Abstract:In order to study the effect of dry heat treatment (DHT) on thermoplastic starch materials, the DHT of high amylose thermoplastic starch was carried out, and the modified starch was used as raw material, glycerol and urea were used as compound plasticizers, and the dry heat modified high amylose thermoplastic starch was prepared by thermomechanical processing, and the effect of dry heat time on the structure and properties of the materials was studied. SEM, XRD and TGA were used to characterize the morphology, structure and thermal stability of thermoplastic starch, and the contact angle and mechanical properties of thermoplastic starch were tested. The results showed that after DHT, the natural starch showed agglomeration behavior and the crystallinity decreased by 2.3%. With the extension of dry heat time, the melting and plasticization process of starch is affected by the change of natural starch properties, the fracture surface of the prepared thermoplastic starch is rougher, the crystallinity is gradually increased by 1.8°, the residual rate of thermal decomposition is gradually reduced by 1.05%, the contact angle is reduced from 85.2° to 70.2°, the tensile strength of the material is gradually increased from 0.2 MPa to 6.2 MPa, and the elongation at break is reduced from 206% to 30%.

Abstract:Due to the high dependence of etracycline (TC) in daily production and life, its misuse is a serious problem, affecting the safety of the ecological environment. How to effectively remove residual TC from the environment is an urgent problem. In this study, magnetic coconut shell biochar (MBC) was prepared by impregnation, co-precipitation and hydrothermal synthesis using TC as the raw material and further compounded with poly-N-isopropylacrylamide/calcium alginate (PNIPAM/CA) by using Zhanjiang"s local characteristic agricultural waste coconut shell as the raw material and combining FeCl3 and FeSO4 as the iron source. The surface morphology and chemical structure of the materials were characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, BET, VSM, Zeta and XPS, and the effects of the dosage, contact time, initial TC concentration, pH, temperature and co-existing metal ions on the adsorption performance were investigated. The results showed that PNIPAM/CA-MBC reached adsorption equilibrium within 24 h with a maximum adsorption capacity of 65.8 mg·g-1. The adsorption was mainly realized by various mechanisms, such as electrostatic adsorption, hydrogen bonding, ligand interaction and pore adsorption. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process of PNIPAM/CA-MBC on TC conformed to a quasi-secondary kinetic model. The results of isotherm analysis showed that the Freundlich model was the best fit, indicating that the adsorption process was multilayer adsorption and the surface was non-homogeneous. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of TC was a spontaneous and exothermic process. pH significantly affected the adsorption performance of PNIPAM/CA-MBC, and the amount of adsorption gradually increased with the increase of pH, reaching 56.21 mg·g-1 at pH = 11. Co-existing ions such as Na? and Ca2? had different effects on the adsorption effect. effect differently, high concentration of Na? slightly decreased the adsorption efficiency, while Ca2? significantly improved the adsorption performance by enhancing electrostatic attraction and complexation. Regeneration experiments showed that PNIPAM/CA-MBC had good regeneration ability and maintained high adsorption performance after five adsorption-desorption cycles. The present study demonstrated that PNIPAM/CA-MBC, as an efficient and reusable adsorbent material, could realize the efficient removal of tetracycline through various mechanisms, and has a wide range of practical applications.

Abstract:Graphene oxide (GO) and UV-absorbent 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-sulfonyl benzophenone (HMBS) were used to prepare cotton fabric for UV protection, and then the fabric was reduced to obtain RGO and HMBS finished cotton fabric. The influence of GO and HMBS concentrations on the anti-UV performance of cotton fabric is discussed. The finished fabric is characterized by SEM and Raman spectroscopy and its washable properties are tested. The results showed that the anti-UV performance of finished cotton fabric increased with the increase of GO and HMBS concentration. The optimal finishing process of cotton fabric was as follows: GO 0.025g/L, HMBS 0.2g/L, the UPF value of the finished cotton fabric is 62.29, which has excellent anti-UV performance. After 50 times of washing, the UPF of the fabric is only slightly reduced, and it has excellent washable performance. SEM showed that there were obvious RGO sheets on the surface of cotton fabrics, and the RGO sheets on the surface of cotton fabrics were increased with the increasing of GO concentration. Raman spectra showed that GO is deposited on the surface of cotton fabrics and fully reduced to RGO.

Abstract:The diazo methylation of p-quinone methides (p-QMs) was achieved via the diazonium methyl anion formed by ethyl diazoacetate attacking p-quinone methides, which served as the Michael receptor, under the catalysis of 0.2 equivalents of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). This process involves a tandem sequence of 1,6-conjugate addition and tautomerism, enabling the one-step synthesis of β-diarylmethyl-α-diazoacetate. Based on the selection of catalyst, solvent, and temperature for the model reaction, the optimal reaction conditions were established using DMSO as the solvent and 0.2 equivalents of DBU as the catalyst at 25 ℃ in 2 h. Under these conditions, the reaction yield ranged from 60% to 79%, resulting in the synthesis of a total of 20 β-diarylmethyl-α-diazoacetic esters. The method does not require the equivalent base or other catalysts, featuring mild condition, easy operation, and a wide range of universality.