Abstract:Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are porous crystalline polymers formed by covalent bonds connecting organic molecules. Crystalline polyimide based on COFs (PI-COFs) has attracted much attention in the field of polyimide materials due to its unique chemical structure and ordered molecular arrangement, and has more excellent physical and chemical properties on the basis of the advantages of non-crystalline polyimide, which is the main research direction in recent years. Based on this, this paper first divides PI-COFs into three structures according to the spatial structure: one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional, and summarizes the unique physicochemical properties of PI-COFs under different dimensions. Secondly, four different PI-COFs synthesis methods are introduced in detail, and their respective characteristics, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and compared. Furthermore, according to the excellent high specific surface area, electrical insulation and good biocompatibility of PI-COFs, the potential application value of PI-COFs in ion energy storage devices, bioelectrochemical sensors and semiconductor electronic devices is further elucidated. Finally, the limitations of the existing synthesis processes and applications of PI-COFs were pointed out, and the future development direction of PI-COFs was prospected, in order to promote the innovation and development of PI-COFs.

Abstract:Trifluoroacetic Acid (TFA) is an ultra-short-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) with rising environmental concentrations, becoming a new focus after long-chain PFAS. A major source is the degradation of fluorinated chemicals, including third-generation hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and fourth-generation hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) used as ozone-depleting substance (ODS) replacements. HFO-1234yf, with a 100% molar degradation rate to TFA, is a key anthropogenic source. Highly water-soluble and low in bioaccumulation, TFA exceeds safety thresholds in some water bodies, harming aquatic life, while current PFAS water treatment technologies fail to remove it effectively. Growing concerns exist over its unknown risks. To address TFA pollution, a unified global PFAS definition is recommended, incorporating TFA into regulations and promoting the development of the fifth-generation ODS substitutes with zero ozone depletion potential (ODP), low global warming potential (GWP), and no TFA degradation.

Abstract:Poly(styrene-divinylbenzene-glycidyl methacrylate) (P(St-DVB-GMA)) microspheres were synthesized by emulsion polymerization using styrene (St), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as monomers and divinylbenzene (DVB) as crosslinking agent. The P(St-DVB-GMA) microspheres were deposited on the surface of black polyester fabric by atomization to prepare structural colored fabrics. The P(St-DVB-GMA) microspheres and structural colored fabrics were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, reflectance spectra, particle size distribution, washing and rubbing fastness tests. The effects of different amounts of crosslinking agent (DVB) on the properties of microspheres and the thermal stability of structural colored fabrics were investigated. The results showed that four kinds of P(St-DVB-GMA) microspheres with different particle sizes (161-285 nm) were prepared by changing the amount of DVB, and three kinds of P(St-DVB-GMA) structural colored fabrics with different colors (blue, purple and green) were successfully constructed. With the increase of DVB amount, the thermal stability of P(St-DVB-GMA) structural colored fabrics gradually increased. When the amount of DVB was greater than 15%, the P(St-DVB-GMA) structural color fabrics still maintained bright and vivid optical characteristics after being treated at 200 ℃ for 10 min, showing excellent thermal stability.

Abstract:Functionalized jatropha oil-based polyurethane prepolymer was prepared by one-pot method using Bio-based jatropha oil polyols (JOL), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), single-ended bis-hydroxypolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and aqueous chain extender 2,2-dihydroxymethylpropionic acid (DMPA) as raw materials, and then homogeneously dispersed in water by high-speed stirring, to prepare a waterborne functionalized jatropha oil-based The waterborne functionalized jatropha oil-based polyurethane coatings were prepared. The structure of the products was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and XPS, which confirmed that PDMS was successfully introduced into the polyurethane chain; the thermal properties of the coatings were measured by DSC and TG, which indicated that the introduction of PDMS could help to improve the heat resistance of the coatings; the hydrophobic and anticorrosive properties of the coatings were measured by static water contact angle and electrochemical polarization. The results showed that the waterborne jatropha oil-based polyurethane coating with 2.0 wt.% PDMS had excellent transmittance of 92.0 %, water contact angle of 99.920 °, corrosion potential of 0.20 V, and the coating possessed good hydrophobicity and anticorrosive properties.

Abstract:Cardiovascular disease is a serious threat to human life and health, atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular disease, however, the existing drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis are prone to cause many adverse reactions, and it is necessary to explore new strategies for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this paper, firstly, a polyamide-amine (PAMAM) dendritic polymer with ethylenediamine nucleus, 5.0 generation solution (PAMAM G5.0) was used as a substrate, and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was modified on the surface of PAMAM G5.0 to constitute a CD-G5 drug-carrying cavity. Then, the hydrophobic anti-inflammatory drug curcumin (CUR) was loaded as a model drug within CD-G5 to obtain CUR-loaded nanoparticles (CURNPs). Finally, a bionic nanodrug delivery system (MM@CURNPs) was prepared by wrapping macrophage membranes (MM) with immune escape response and drug slow release outside the CURNPs. FTIR and 1HNMR were used to characterize the structure of CD-G5; the microscopic morphology and particle size distribution of MM@CURNPs were determined by TEM and nano-particle size distribution meter, and the evaluation of the slow-release performance and in vitro activity of MM@CURNPs was carried out based on the drug release assay and in vitro cytotoxicity and macrophage uptake assay. The results showed that the average particle size (162.2 nm) of MM@CURNPs increased by 13.9 nm after CURNPs were coated by MM; the average particle size of MM@CURNPs was 162.2 nm when placed for 1 d, and the average particle size of MM@CURNPs was 238.6 nm when placed for 10 d; the drug loading rate of CURNPs was 9.60%, and the in vitro drug release rate of MM@CURNPs was slower than that of CURNPs, and the cumulative release reached about 50% at 72 h; MM@CURNPs were less toxic than PAMAM G5.0 and CURNPs, with 90% activity in mouse monocyte macrophage leukemia cells (Raw 264.7 cells) even at a concentration of 1 mmol/L; MM retained macrophage-intrinsic membrane proteins and functions on the MM, which could help MM@CURNPs to with macrophage immune escape function, and at 4 h, the average fluorescence intensity of Raw 264.7 cells to fluorescently labeled MM@CURNPs particles uptake was 72, and the average fluorescence intensity of Raw 264.7 cells to fluorescently labeled CURNPs particles uptake was 80.

Abstract:A novel composite material, MXene/TA@Fe, was prepared by functionalized modification of MXene with tannic acid (TA) and iron as the substrate material, and the adsorption performance for U(VI) was investigated.The characterization of SEM-EDS and XRD showed that the introduction of TA and iron not only increased the adsorption sites, but also improved the problems of MXene"s easy oxidation and poor stability. The adsorption tests showed that MXene is easy to oxidize and has poor stability. The adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of MXene/TA@Fe on U(VI) followed the proposed two-stage kinetic model and Freundlich isothermal model, indicating that the adsorption mechanism was multilayer chemisorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of U(VI) was 308.80 mg/g at pH 6, temperature 308 K, and dosage 0.1 g/L. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process was a spontaneous adsorption reaction. Mechanistic analysis showed that the adsorption process mainly involved the synergistic effect of ion exchange, electrostatic action, surface complexation and redox reaction mechanisms. The removal rate of the material remained above 80% after five cycles of regeneration and could be recovered by magnetic absorption. Therefore, MXene/TA@Fe shows great potential for the treatment of uranium-containing wastewater.

Abstract:A urea-bonded semi-aliphatic diamine monomer, N,N"-bis(4-aminophenethyl)urea (BAPU), was synthesized from 4-nitrophenylethylamine hydrochloride and bis(p-nitrophenyl) carbonate. Six polyimides (PIs) with varying urea bond contents and ethylidene structures were prepared by a two-step chemical imidization method, using BAPU, 4,4"-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), and bisphenol A-type diphenyl ether dianhydride (BPADA) as raw materials, with different molar ratios of BAPU to ODA. The PIs were then processed into films via a solution-casting method. The structures of the intermediates and PIs were characterized by 1HNMR, FTIR, and XRD. The intrinsic viscosities, optical transmittance, surface energy, thermal properties, mechanical properties, dielectric properties, water absorption, and solubility of these PI films were systematically characterized using Ubbelohde viscometer, contact angle goniometer, TGA, DMA, DSC, UV-Vis, universal testing machine, and vector network analyzer. The results showed that the intrinsic viscosities of the PIs ranged from 0.70 to 1.64 dL/g. The surface energies of the PI films were between 31.7 and 50.0 mJ/m2. Moreover, 50 mg of the PIs could be completely dissolved in 1 mL of N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, or m-cresol at room temperature. The transmittances of PI films at 450 nm and 500 nm were measured to be 61%~81% and 75%~83%, respectively, with the cutoff wavelength ranging from 362 nm to 384 nm. These optical characteristics indicated excellent light transmission performance. The glass transition temperatures tested by DSC and 5% thermal weight loss temperatures of PIs were 164~221 ℃ and 339~550 ℃, respectively. The tensile strength, Young"s modulus and elongation at break of PIs were 57.3~84.7 MPa, 1.7~2.9 GPa and 5.0%~8.8%, respectively, indicating excellent mechanical properties. The dielectric constant of PIs was determined to be 3.11~3.31, with a moisture absorption rate ranging from 0.84% to 1.26%.

Abstract:Polypropylene was modified with single filler and multi-component fillers by using different dimensional fillers, including zero-dimensional spherical materials such as aluminum nitride and copper powder, one-dimensional linear materials like carbon fiber powder and carbon powder, as well as two-dimensional flaky graphite. The tensile strength, flexural modulus, heat deflection temperature and thermal conductivity of the modified composites were tested. Meanwhile, the structural model of the composites was constructed by Materials Studio software, and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to calculate the shear modulus and interfacial interaction parameters (binding energy, mean square displacement, diffusion coefficient) of the simulated structures. The effect of filler dimension on the properties and interfacial interaction of composites was studied, and the relationship between them was established. The performance test results revealed that compared with single filler modification, the thermal conductivity and heat deflection temperature of polypropylene modified by ternary compound filler were significantly improved by 74.3% and 34.6%, respectively, while maintaining favorable mechanical properties. The shear modulus calculated through molecular dynamics simulation was basically consistent with the flexural modulus tested by experiments, and the interface interaction parameters showed the same trend, which provides a reference for predicting and analyzing the properties of composites by molecular dynamics simulation.

Abstract:With PLA as the matrix, APP as the acid source and gas source, and PER as the carbon source, two TiO2 exposing different quantities (101) of crystal surfaces were used as synergists to explore the effects of two different TiO2 on the properties of PLA composites. The experimental results showed that the LOI value of the composite increased first and then decreased with the TiO2 loading, but was higher than that of pure PLA (18%). The LOI value of 1 wt%P-TiO2 composite is 40.1%, which reaches V-0 level. The LOI value of the composite introduced by 1 wt%NP-TiO2 is 40%, reaching the V-0 level, and the LOI value is similar. Further comparison shows that the total heat release peak (PHRR) value of P-TiO2 composite is lower than that of NP-TiO2 composite, with the lowest value reaching 182.08 Kw/m2. The corresponding total heat release rate (THR) and total smoke release (TSP) curves also have the same laws as the PHRR curves .

Abstract:With the continuous development of high frequency communication, 1,2-structured liquid polybutadiene is famous for its excellent dielectric properties, which can be used in high frequency printed circuit boards，At present, polybutadiene is mostly synthesized in batch reactor, which has the problems of inaccurate reaction control and low efficiency. Microchannel reactor provides an effective way to solve the above problems.1,2-structured liquid polybutadiene was synthesized by reactive anionic polymerization in a microchannel reactor using n-butyllithium (n-BuLi) as initiator and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (2G) as modifier.The number average molecular weight (Mn), molecular weight distribution (PDI) and the relative content of 1,2-structure of the synthesized polybutadiene were measured by GPC and 1HNMR. The effects of polymerization temperature, 2G dosage and modifier combination on the molecular structure parameters of 1,2-structure liquid polybutadiene were investigated.The results showed that the relative content of 1,2-structure of 1,2-structure liquid polybutadiene decreased with the increase of polymerization temperature (10~20 ℃); When 2G was used as modifier, the relative content of 1,2-structure of 1,2-structure liquid polybutadiene increased with the increase of 2G dosage. When n(2G)∶n(n-BuLi)=5∶1, the relative content of 1,2-structure of 1,2-structure liquid polybutadiene reached 88.2%; When n(2G)∶n(TEA)=1∶1 was used as the composite regulator, PDI＝1.09，The 1,2-structure content of 1,2-structure liquid polybutadiene reached 87.3%.

Abstract:Disulfide bonds, as a type of chemically dynamic and exchangeable bond, have become a focal point in the research of novel polymer materials. By modifying vanillin, a new substance with two aldehyde groups was synthesized. This compound was then reacted with common cystamine in the market, and through imine condensation, a completely new polymer material was prepared. The introduction of disulfide bonds into the polymer resulted in a material with enhanced flexibility, with its elongation at break increasing from 1.25% to 64%. This novel material also exhibits excellent reprocessability, with the performance of the first and second processing cycles recovering 85% and 81%, respectively. Furthermore, it can be degraded in acidic solutions, facilitating the recycling of raw materials. The incorporation of disulfide bonds significantly reduced the degradation time by over 40%, minimizing resource wastage and offering both economic and social benefits. This aligns with the current societal push for recycling and the smooth flow of resource circulation, injecting new impetus into the high-quality economic and social development.

Abstract:Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) exhibit high refractive index and thermal stability, and their composite with resin can yield transparent composite materials with tunable refractive index. Tetragonal-phase zirconium dioxide nanopowder (ZrO2) was synthesized via a hydrothermal/microwave calcination method, and its crystal structure, morphology, and size were characterized using XRD, Raman, TEM, and SEM. To enhance the dispersibility of ZrO2 nanoparticles for thin film fabrication, surface modification was performed using the silane coupling agent γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (Kh570), resulting in a white powder (ZrO2@Kh570). The grafting efficiency was confirmed through XRD, FTIR, TEM, and SEM. Subsequently, the composite film (WPU-ZrO2@Kh570) was prepared by ball-milling ZrO2@Kh570 with waterborne polyurethane (WPU), and its structural and functional properties were systematically characterized using XRD, FTIR, AFM, SEM, UV-Vis-NIR, and EP.The results demonstrated that the synthesized ZrO2 nanopowder exhibited high purity, small particle size (approximately 15 nm), and a stable tetragonal phase. By varying the loading of ZrO2@Kh570 (0~1.5 g), the optical properties of the composite films were systematically investigated. As the loading of ZrO2@Kh570 increased, the transmittance of the composite films decreased from 99.74 % to 93.80 %, while the refractive index significantly increased from 1.6366 to 2.3281. A strong linear positive correlation (R2 = 0.97) was observed between the refractive index and the loading amount, enabling continuous tuning of the refractive index. Specifically, when the loading of ZrO2@Kh570 was 0.90 g, WPU was 8.0 g, deionized water was 0.60 g, and additives were 0.50 g, the composite film exhibited a transmittance of 98.07 % and a refractive index of 2.1457, achieving both high transmittance and high refractive index, thereby meeting the dual requirements of optical materials for superior transparency and refractive index.

Abstract:Covalent triazine polymers (CTPs) have been demonstrated as promising candidates in the fields of CO₂ capture and catalytic conversion, thanks to their inherent capability to perform dipole-quadrupole interactions with CO₂. In this work, novel hydrazide-bridged covalent triazine polymers (HB-CTPs) have been constructed by nucleophilic reactions between cyanuric chloride and aromatic polycarbohydrazides without any transition metal catalyst nor promoter. Both HB-CTP-1 and HB-CTP-2 revealed good CO₂ capture performance under atmospheric and high pressures (1.61 mmol/g and 1.63 mmol/g at 273 K and 0.1 MPa, 3.55 mmol/g and 5.55 mmol/g at 313 K and 6 MPa). Based on their reversible adsorption-desorption isotherms at 273 K and 0.1 MPa, the CO₂/N₂ selectivity for HB-CTP-1 and HB-CTP-2 were calculated as 90 and 119 using Henry’s law method. Furthermore, these materials were also proved to be capable of catalytic fixation of CO₂, rendering smooth conversion of various epoxides into cyclic carbonates in high yields under solvent-free conditions. Notably, the catalytic activity of HB-CTP-2 remained nearly unaffected even after five consecutive cycles, unveiling its considerable structural toughness.

Abstract:To enhance the interfacial compatibility between graphene and polypropylene (PP) matrix, as well as to improve the mechanical and thermal conductive properties of the composite, an ionic liquid 1-benzyl-3-hexylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BHIM]BF4) was synthesized via a two-step process involving quaternization reaction of imidazole with benzyl bromide and 1-bromohexane, followed by ion exchange with sodium fluoroborate. Subsequently, ionic liquid-functionalized graphene (G-ILs) was prepared through mechanical ball milling combined with [BHIM]BF4-mediated synchronous exfoliation and modification of graphene. The G-ILs/PP composite was fabricated via melt blending. The structural integrity of [BHIM]BF4 was confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS analyses. The multiscale structural characteristics of G-ILs were systematically investigated through XRD and Raman spectroscopy for crystal structure analysis, complemented by XPS surface chemistry characterization and SEM/TEM microstructural observations. Mechanical, thermal conductivity, and heat dissipation performance evaluations revealed significant property enhancements in G-ILs/PP composites. Results demonstrated that the imidazolium cations and benzyl groups in [BHIM]BF4 achieved graphene functionalization through non-covalent adsorption. At 7 wt% G-ILs loading, the composite exhibited optimal performance: tensile strength reached 26.29 MPa (14.29% improvement over pure PP) and flexural modulus increased to 750.31 MPa (60.12% enhancement). The thermal conductivity attained 0.432 W/(m·K), representing a 101.9% increase compared to pure PP (0.214 W/(m·K)). The long alkyl chains in [BHIM]BF4 enhanced graphene-PP compatibility, while organic group modification enabled uniform dispersion of G-ILs and strong interfacial bonding within the PP matrix, thereby synergistically improving both mechanical and thermal conductive properties of the composite.

Abstract:To address the issues of easy shedding of nano-fillers in alkaline electrolytic water composite membrane and the difficulty of synergistic optimisation of low resistance and high airtightness, a gradient nano-composite strategy was adopted to prepare multilayered composite membrane with particle synergy by a phase transition method, using zirconia particles with multiple particle-size distributions (<100 nm versus 200-400 nm) as the functional fillers. The optimal composite ratio membrane was screened by systematic tests of surface resistance, bubble point pressure, and mechanical properties, and the electrolytic performance was compared with that of commercial Zirfon 500 membranes. Results demonstrate that when the mass ratio between zirconia particles of different sizes (<100 nm and 200-400 nm) reaches 1:2, the prepared membrane (Z12) exhibits uniform dispersion of nanoparticles on its surface and achieves breakthrough balance in key performance metrics: area resistance as low as 0.267 Ω·cm2, bubble point pressure as high as 0.6966 MPa, and tensile strength as high as 13.413 MPa, along with excellent thermal stability and alkali stability. At 1.9 V operating voltage, its current density (83.10 mA/cm2) exceeds Zirfon 500 membrane (73.97 mA/cm2) by 5.13 mA/cm2. When membrane thickness was optimized to 220 μm, the Z12-220 membrane demonstrated a current density of 93.98 mA/cm2, representing a 10.88 mA/cm2 increase compared to standard Z12.

Abstract:A novel phytosterol-oligopeptide surfactant, sitosteryl-glycylglycine potassium(Sito-GG), was synthesized by modifying β-sitosterol with glyglycine. Its interfacial properties were investigated through surface/interfacial tension tests and interfacial dilatational rheological experiments. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of this surfactant was determined to be 5.75×10?? mol/L, and the surface tension of water at this concentration was 30.95 mN/m, indicating excellent interfacial activity. The large rigid sterol structure of Sito-GG endowed the molecules with strong van der Waals forces. In addition, the multiple amide groups of glyglycol enhanced the hydrogen bonding between hydrophilic groups. Both interactions promoted the close rearrangement of Sito-GG molecules at the interface and significantly inhibited the relaxation processes. The interfacial dilational modulus reached as high as 165 mN/m, indicating that Sito-GG formed an interfacial film with high strength.

Abstract:Poly(trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane) chain transfer agent (PMTFPS-CTA) was synthesized via living anionic polymerization (LAP) followed by end-group modification. Subsequently, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was employed to copolymerize PMTFPS-CTA with methacrylate monomers bearing phenyl (BzMA), naphthyl (1NpMMA), and anthryl (AnMMA) side chains, yielding the block copolymers PMTFPS-b-PBzMA, PMTFPS-b-P1NpMMA, and PMTFPS-b-PAnMMA.The structures of the block copolymers were confirmed by 1HNMR and FTIR. GPC indicated narrow molecular weight distributions (?<1.5). DSC and TGA analyses revealed glass transition temperatures (50, 79, 154 ℃) and thermal decomposition temperatures (275, 255, 253 ℃), compatible with thermal annealing conditions. SAXS results demonstrated that PMTFPS-b-PBzMA formed lamellar phases after annealing at 80~110 ℃, achieving a minimum feature size of 4.9 nm. The scaling relationship (d∝N0.62) confirmed strong microphase separation of the block copolymer. Additionally, the high silicon content of PMTFPS provides intrinsic etching contrast to the material, offering a novel material for directed self-assembly lithography with combined resolution and etching performance.

Abstract:To reduce template agent-related carbon emissions and simplify the production process, ZSM-5 zeolite for catalytic pyrolysis to produce aromatics was synthesized without organic templates. Industrial solid wastes, silica fume and fly ash, were used as silicon and aluminum sources, respectively. The raw materials were mixed in the mass ratio m(acid-washed silica fume): m(alkali-fused fly ash): m(NaOH): m(deionized water) = 4.56:1.4:0.3:30. Using a two-step hydrothermal activation-crystallization method without organic templates, ZSM-5 zeolite (designated FAZ-2) was synthesized at 180 °C. The inorganic composition, microstructure, and physicochemical properties of FAZ-2 were characterized using XRF, XRD, SEM, BET, and NH?-TPD. Its catalytic activity was evaluated in the catalytic pyrolysis of mixed plastic (MPP) and waste plastic (MPW). The effects of preparation parameters and reaction conditions on catalytic performance were investigated. The results show that FSZ-2-0.2 g, synthesized with 0.2 g NaOH in the second step, 15 h of first-step hydrothermal activation, and 24 h of second-step hydrothermal crystallization, exhibits a relative crystallinity of 77% (vs. commercial ZSM-5, CZSM-5). In MPP catalytic pyrolysis at 550 °C, FAZ-2-72h yielded 50.03% oil (including aliphatic compounds, mono-aromatics, and polycyclic aromatics), with mono-aromatic selectivity reaching 84.13%. For MPW pyrolysis at 550 °C, FAZ-2-72h achieved a liquid yield of 28.0% and mono-aromatic selectivity of 88.0%, outperforming CZSM-5 (21.4% and 82.2%, respectively). After 10 reaction-regeneration cycles with MPW, the average mono-aromatic selectivity of FAZ-2-72h remained above 83%. Following regeneration by calcination at 550 °C, its total acidity (852 μmol/g) could be restored to 75.5% of the fresh catalyst level (1129 μmol/g).

Abstract:Carbon-coated nanostructured nickel vanadate (Ni₃V₂O₈@C) composites were prepared by an optimized co-precipitation method. Firstly, based on the traditional co-precipitation method, n-butanol-assisted drying was selected for improvement, and the precursor Ni₃V₂O₈ nanospheres with high surface area were obtained after calcination. However, transition metal oxides as anode materials are prone to volume change and conductivity decrease during charge and discharge cycles, resulting in capacity attenuation. To solve the above problems, glucose monohydrate was innovatively introduced as a carbon source for compounding, which not only improved the conductivity, but also effectively prevented the agglomeration of nanoparticles. The test results show that the capacity of the undoped Ni₃V₂O₈ electrode remains at 223 mAh.g^_-1 after 100 cycles, while the discharge capacity of the doped Ni₃V₂O₈@C electrode reaches 403 mAh.g^_-1, and the capacity retention rate jumps from 14.7% to 40.7%. This indicates that the Ni₃V₂O₈@C electrode has higher specific capacity, good rate performance and excellent cycle stability, and the electrochemical performance is significantly improved. Therefore, our work provides a promising anode material for high energy density lithium ion batteries.

Abstract:Using Span-20 with an alkyl chain length of 12, Span-40 with an alkyl chain length of 14, Span-60 with an alkyl chain length of 16, Span-80 with an alkyl chain length of 18 and Tween-20 as the main surfactants respectively, a series of sorbitan fatty acid ester microemulsions were prepared by compounding with n-propanol and D-limonene. By drawing the pseudo-ternary phase diagram of the microemulsion, and using a nanoparticle size and zeta potential analyzer, a conductivity meter, a TEM, a surface and interfacial tension meter, a contact angle meter and other instruments for characterization and testing, the effects of the main surfactants with different alkyl chain lengths on the particle size distribution, conductivity, surface and interfacial tension, wettability and emulsifying ability of the prepared microemulsion were investigated. Based on the degreasing experiment of greasy sheep wet-blue leather, the degreasing performance of the microemulsion was explored. The results showed that the four prepared microemulsions were of the O/W type, with particle sizes of 15.7, 23.3, 37.8 and 43.8 nm respectively. The micelles of the microemulsion were spherical or quasi-spherical and were evenly dispersed. Their surface tensions were 29.3, 30.2, 31.8 and 32.2 mN/m in turn, and their interfacial tensions were 0.94, 1.15, 1.22 and 1.35 mN/m in turn. The static contact angles of the polytetrafluoroethylene film were 51.7°, 54.8°, 61.5° and 63.7° in turn. The obtained optimal degreasing process was as follows: the degreasing time was 2.0 h, the degreasing temperature was 30 °C, and the dosage of the microemulsion degreaser was 6.0% of the mass of the greasy sheep wet-blue leather. Under these conditions, the degreasing rates of the four microemulsions for greasy sheep wet-blue leather were 75.9%, 73.5%, 72.1% and 69.1% in turn. The increase of the alkyl chain length of the main surfactant led to a decrease in the hydrophilicity of the surfactant molecules and an increase in the steric hindrance effect, resulting in a gradual decrease in the stability, solubilization ability, surface tension, interfacial tension, wettability, emulsifying performance and degreasing rate of the microemulsion.

Abstract:A novel phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur containing flame retardant (6-(((1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)(furan-2-yl)methyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide, MBFAP) was synthesized from bio-based furfural, 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxo-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). Flame retardant epoxy resin (EP/MBFAP) was then prepared by blending MBFAP with epoxy resin (EP). The structure of MBFAP was confirmed by FTIR and NMR. The curing behavior, flame retardant performance, thermal stability, combustion characteristics, mechanical properties, and transparency of EP/MBFAP with different MBFAP loadings (mass fraction, based on the total mass of flame-retardant epoxy resin, and the same applies hereafter)were investigated using TGA, DSC, TG-FTIR, DMA, vertical burning test, cone calorimeter, SEM, XPS, Raman, universal testing machine, Charpy impact tester, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Finally, the possible flame retardant mechanism of MBFAP in EP was proposed. The results showed that the addition of MBFAP significantly reduced the maximum decomposition rate of EP/MBFAP and promoted the early decomposition of EP. The EP/MBFAP-4 with 4 wt% MBFAP loading achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 standard test (vertical burning) and an oxygen index of 33.5%. Compared to pure EP, the total smoke release, peak heat release rate, and total heat release of EP/MBFAP-4 were reduced by 12.7%, 24.9%, and 19.2%, respectively. Char residue and pyrolysis volatile gas tests indicated that MBFAP played a flame retardant role in both the gas phase and condensed phase. The transmittance of EP/MBFAP-4 (70.75%) was slightly reduced compared to that of pure EP (87.17%). The tensile strength (72.26 MPa), flexural strength (74.19 MPa), and impact strength (42.2 kJ/m2) of EP/MBFAP-4 were increased by 14.97%, 12.51%, and 28.26%, respectively, compared to pure EP, while the elongation at break (5.1%) was slightly decreased compared to pure EP (6.5%).

Abstract:During the preparation of carbon paper by wet process, whether the carbon fiber slurry is evenly dispersed or not is an important reason affecting the structure and properties of carbon paper. In order to improve the dispersion properties of carbon fiber, a waterborne sizing agent was used to sizing carbon fibers to improve the dispersion and processing properties of carbon fibers. In this research, diethanolamine modified phenolic epoxy resin was used to synthesize waterborne phenolic epoxy resin with different modification degrees, and carbon fiber was sizing treated by sizing agents with different raw material ratios and solid contents, and carbon paper was prepared by wet papermaking process. The results showed that when the raw material ratio of the sizing agent was n (epoxy group): n (diethanolamine) = 3:4, and the solid content was 4 wt%, the dispersibility and papermaking property of the sized carbon fibers were the best, the bundling property of carbon fibers was improved by 53.3%, the amount of hairs was reduced by 39.05 mg, and the resistivity of the final graphitized carbon paper was 7.14 mΩ?cm, reduced by 1.23 mΩ?cm, a porosity of 75.39%, an increase of 9.17%, and a decrease in the coefficient of dispersion of the resistance decreased from 0.0943 to 0.0331, indicating that the uniformity of the paper was improved. This work fully demonstrates that waterborne sizing agents can improve the uniformity and various properties of carbon paper by improves the dispersion of carbon fibers.

Abstract:The byproduct Acid-Crude Oil generated from acid fracturing technology poses technical challenges for further processing due to its high viscosity, high acid value, and strong emulsification stability. Based on an analysis of the interfacial active substances in Tahe Acid-Crude Oil, this study establishes a temperature-sensitive W/O/W double emulsion water-blocking technology system. Two emulsifiers were successfully developed: an oil-soluble W/O emulsifier KN-1, which exhibits resistance to high temperatures (130°C), acid (pH < 4), and salinity (> 210000 mg/L), and a temperature-sensitive water-soluble O/W emulsifier KN-2.Experimental results indicate that adding 2%-3% KN-1 can reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to 5 mN/m. The formulated W/O emulsion maintains a low water separation rate at 90°C (0% water separation after 35 days) and retains a high viscosity of 2054 mPa·s at 130°C. Similarly, adding 4%-5% KN-2 reduces the interfacial tension to 5 mN/m. A 3% KN-2 concentration in a 50% water-content W/O/W emulsion results in a viscosity lower than 80 mPa·s at room temperature, with a water separation rate of less than 35% within 180 minutes. At 130°C, the system rapidly increases its water separation rate to 90% within 120 minutes, effectively blocking water flow by releasing high-viscosity W/O plugging agents.This achievement provides a novel technological approach for the resource utilization of Acid-Crude Oil in oilfields and enhances oil recovery.

Abstract:Recently, inkjet printing equipment has been requiring C.I. Acid Black 172 (AB172) liquid dye of high concentration. In order to improve the solubility of AB172, the properties of the three isomeric components of the dye were studied. The three components 172-1, 172-2 and 172-3 of α-α, α-β and β-β structures were separated by column chromatography and tested. It was found that among the three components there was only a slight deviation in chromaticity, color strength and several commonly used color fastnesses, but a significant difference in solubility. The solubilities of 172-1, 172-2 and 172-3 at 25 ℃ was 60, 120 and 25 g/L, respectively. In the complexation reaction of AB172 synthesis, the pH of the system had a certain effect on the molar ratio of AB172 components. The molar ratios of the three components formed under weak alkaline conditions and weak acidic conditions were 1∶3∶2 and 1∶2∶1, respectively. Referring to the solubility test results of the three components, the dye with a molar ratio of 1∶2∶1 of the three components was predicted to have better solubility. AB172 with the molar ratio of 1∶3∶2 and 1∶2∶1 of the three components was then tested for solubility after desalting, and their solubilities were 140 and 180 g/L respectively. The solubility of AB172 under weakly acidic complexation reaction was about 29% higher than that under weakly alkaline complexation reaction.

Abstract:To address the challenging degradation of azo dye Acid Orange G (AOG) in wastewater, a trace Cu2+-activated dual oxidant system (sodium percarbonate/peroxymonosulfate, SPC/PMS) was developed for rapid pollutant removal. Mechanistic studies revealed that Cu2+ activates SPC and PMS through coordination-mediated pathways, synergistically generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which collectively drive the oxidative degradation of AOG. Under optimized conditions (AOG: 30 mg·L1; Cu2?: 10 μmol·L1; SPC/PMS total dosage: 1 mmol·L1; molar ratio 3:1), 99.8% AOG removal was achieved within 6 min. The system exhibited pH-dependent reactivity, with significantly enhanced kinetics under alkaline conditions (pH=9.02, rate constant: 1.034 min1), showing a 48% increase compared to neutral conditions (pH=7.14, 0.699 min1), following a first-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.990). Inorganic anions inhibited degradation efficiency in the order: HCO3> H2PO4> Cl> NO3. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and radical quenching experiments confirmed the dominant ROS contributions including hydroxyl radicals (·OH), sulfate radicals (SO4·), and carbonate radicals (CO3·). Textile auxiliaries (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium citrate) markedly reduced degradation efficiency by competing for ROS. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis indicated moderate mineralization capacity, achieving 47.7% TOC removal within 30 min. This work provides critical insights into Cu2+-mediated dual oxidant activation mechanisms for advanced wastewater treatment.

Abstract:To meet the urgent demand for stable printing effects of water-based inks on various substrates and to enhance the practical value of water-based inks, this study developed an environmentally friendly screen printing conductive ink based on caprolactam-modified casein (CA-CPL) and silane coupling agent-modified carbon black (SMCB). This approach addressed the limitations of traditional water-based inks in flexible sensing applications. Through surface modification of carbon black with silane coupling agents, the dispersion stability of carbon black in water-based systems was significantly improved, enhancing the interfacial compatibility of the composite ink. Results showed that under the condition of 0.3% SMCB addition, the composite ink exhibited optimal rheological properties, surface hydrophobicity (contact angle 118°), and electrical conductivity (17.83 S/cm). The ink demonstrated excellent printing effects and flexibility on various substrates such as paper and PET film. The prepared flexible sensors showed good stability (stable signal during 1000 cycle tests) and rapid response characteristics (response time 450 ms), enabling effective monitoring of multiple body movements. This study provides new insights for the development of high-performance environmentally friendly water-based inks and expands the application potential of casein materials in flexible sensors and smart wearable devices.