Fatty Acid Triethanolamine Ester(FTE) were synthesized by esterification of Fatty acid and triethanolamine. Fatty Acid Triethanolamine Mono-ester(FTME) were obtained by purification of column chromatography. FTMS were synthesized by esterification with of FTME and maleic anhydride and sulfonation with sodium sulfite. 4 types of FTME named as FTMS-1, FTMS-2, FTMS-3, FTMS-4, which are obtained basing on lauric acid, palmic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid respectively. The structures of 4 types of FTMS have been identified by FTIR, 1HNMR and amphoteric testing. The effect of chain length and unsaturation were explored on surface tension, Krafft point, particle size and emulsifying capacity. The results show that the products are amphoteric; Krafft point and Z-average increases with the increase of the chain length of alkyl, however, the unsaturation of alkyl is conducive to decrease Krafft point and Z-average; FTMS-1 and FTMS-4 have good surfactivity. Especially, the emulsifying capacity of FTMS-1(CMC=52.97mg/L, γCMC=36.1mN/m)(Separation time:148.8s) is similar to AEO-9(Separation time:139.0s), moreover, better than sodium dodecyl sulfate(Separation time:113.8s).