In this paper, CuO / Al-SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by supporting CuO on highly hydrothermal stable Al-SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve. The Fe-Al-SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by one-step synthesis method. XRD, TEM and FTIR were used for characterizations of the catalysts. The non-hydrodeoxygenation of methyl palmitate was carried out on Al-SBA-15, CuO / Al-SBA-15 or Fe-Al-SBA-15. The results showed that the metal oxides were uniformly dispersed on the surface of the mesoporous material, and CuO / Al-SBA-15 gave the best deoxygenation performance, the optimum reaction conditions were 342 ℃ and 2 h reaction time. Under optimum reaction conditions, the selectivity of decarboxylation of palmitic acid methyl ester are 40 ~ 60% higher than that of the non-catalytic reaction. The CuO / Al-SBA-15 catalyst was reused three times and the conversion of methyl palmitate revealed no significant reduction. According to the activity evaluation, it was deduced that the decarboxylation mechanism was as follows: Palmitic acid was produced by hydrolysis of methyl palmitate in the subcritical water, carboxylate was formed on the active center of the catalyst through next the C-C bond near the carboxyl group was attacked by activated hydrogen, and then CO2 desorpted and the main product pentadecane derived.