Modified carbon fiber reinforced polyurea composite (KH550-CF/PU) was prepared with polyurea resin (PU) as matrix, carbon fiber (CF) as reinforcer and silane coupling agent (KH550) as modifier. The microstructure and thermal properties of modified carbon fiber and its reinforced polyurea composites were investigated by SEM, FTIR, XRD and DSC. The results showed that silane coupling agent KH550 was successfully modified on the surface of carbon fiber to enhance the compatibility and wettability of carbon fiber and polyurea resin. The mechanical and anti-explosion properties of KH550-CF/PU composites were studied by quasi-static tensile and compressive tests and Hopkinson compression tests. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites are obviously better than that of pure PU, especially KH550-CF/PU. The maximum tensile stress is 22.88MPa, the maximum tensile strain is 223.95%, the maximum compressive stress at the elastic stage is 2.17kN, the energy absorption is 0.64Mj·m-3, and the yield strength is 103.18MPa at 5000s-1.